Nutritional Status and Recurrent Major Cardiovascular Events Following Acute Myocardial Infarction-A Follow-Up Study in a Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Center.

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction is often accompanied by malnutrition, which is associated with an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic processes. This ultimately leads to cardiac cachexia, which worsens the patient's prognosis. We aimed to assess the correlation between nutritional status, assessed using the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and the rate of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE). METHODS: The present investigation was a non-randomized, prospective, observational study in which 108 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included. Nutritional status was assessed using the CONUT score. Based on the CONUT score, the patients were divided as follows: Group 1-normal or mild nutritional status (CONUT < 3 points, n = 76), and Group 2-moderate to severe nutritional deficiency (CONUT ≥ 3 points, n = 32). Demographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory parameters were obtained for all patients, as well as the MACE rate at 1 and 3 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The MACE occurred more frequently in patients with impaired nutritional status at both 1-month follow-up (46.9% versus 9.2%; p < 0.0001) and 3-month follow-up (68.8% versus 10.5%; p < 0.0001). In terms of cardiovascular events, patients with poor nutritional status, with a CONUT score ≥ 3, presented more frequent non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization procedure, and ventricular arrhythmia. Also, the number of cardiovascular deaths was higher in the undernourished group. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that patients with poor nutritional status experienced inflammatory status, frailty, and cardiovascular events more often than those with normal nutritional status at 1-month and 3-month follow-up after an acute myocardial infarction.

Sodium Metabisulfite in Food and Biological Samples: A Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Detection Method.

The primary benefit of using sulfites as a food additive is their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which stop fungi and bacteria from growing in a variety of foods. The application of analytical methods is necessary to ensure food quality control related to the presence of sulfites in a variety of foods. For the detection of sodium metabisulfite in food and urine samples, two sensors based on reduced graphene oxide doped with Pd paste and modified with 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl chloride)-21H,23H-iron (III) porphyrin were proposed. The new sensors were evaluated and characterized using square wave voltammetry. The response characteristics showed that the detection limits for the sensors were 3.0 × 10-12 mol L-1 for TPP/rGO@Pd0 based sensors and 3.0 × 10-11 mol L-1 for Fe(TPFPP)Cl/rGO@Pd0 based sensors while the quantification limits were 1.0 × 10-11 mol L-1 for TPP/rGO@Pd0 based sensors and 1.0 × 10-10 mol L-1 for Fe(TPFPP)Cl/rGO@Pd0 based sensors. The sensors can be used to determine sodium metabisulfite in a concentration range between 1.0 × 10-11 and 1.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 for TPP/rGO@Pd0 based sensors and between 1.0 × 10-10 mol L-1 and 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 for Fe(TPFPP)Cl/rGO@Pd0 based sensors. A comparison between the proposed methods' results and other analytical applications is also presented.